Types of Idghaam: Mutamaathilain, Mutajaanisain, and Mutaqaaribain

Types of Idghaam in Tajweed

Other cases in which idghaam occurs in the Qur’ān will be mentioned here briefly with examples for the purpose of recognition. Today we are dealing with Idghaam when it does NOT appear under noon saakina/tanween and meem saakina. There are 3 types:

1. Mutamaathilain

2. Mutajaanisain

3. Mutaqaaribain

Idghaam

The following will be explained of each type of idghaam

1. Idghaam Mutamaathilain (Identical)

This occurs when the two letters that are the same in characteristic and in articulation point are found together, the first is saakinah and the second is mutaharrik. This means they are the exact same letters next to each other.

So the first letter is blended into the second, hence the second letter takes a shaddah. This applies whether it is in one or two words.

Examples:

بْ ← ب: فَاضْرِبْ بِّهِ

تْ ← ت: كَانَتْ تَّعْمَلُ

دْ ← د: وَقَدْ دَّخَلُوْا

ذْ ← ذ: إِذ ذَّهَبَ

لْ ← ل: بَلْ لَّا تُكْرِمُونَ

وْ ← و: عَفَـواْ وَّقَالُواْ

Note: Whenever two noons or two meems are merged into one, ghunnah is observed as was mentioned previously.

There is an exception to this rule when two Waaw and two Yaa’ are next to each other in writing, but one of the two Waaw and one of the two Yaa’ are a medd letter such as in:

وْ ← و: قَالُوْا وَهُمْ

يْ ← ي: فِيْ يَوْمٍ

2. Idghaam Mutajaanisain (Similarity)

This occurs when 2 letters have the same makhaarij, but different sifaat. The first letter is saakina, the scond is mutaharrik,and the scond letter takes a shaddah. In the Qur’ān the following come under this category:

a. Taa (ت) is merged into daal (د) or ṭaa (ط) as in:

أَثْقَلَتْ دَّعَوَا

وَدَّتْ طَّـآئِفَةٌ

b. Daal (د) is merged into taa (ت) as in:

قَدْ تَّـبَيَّنَ

c. Ṭaa (ط) is merged into taa (ت) as in:

لَئِنْ بَسَطْتَّ

d. Dhaal (ذ) is merged into thaa (ظ) as in:

إِذْ ظَّلَمْتُمْ

e. Thaa ( ث) is merged into dhaal ( ذ) as in:

يَلْهَثْ ذَّلِكَ

f. Baa ( ب) is merged into meem ( م) as in:

ارْكَبْ مَّعَنَا

(Meem with shaddah requires ghunnah)

3. Idghaam Mutaqaaribain (Near/Close)

This refers to those letters which are near to each other in makhraj and in ṣifaat. This occurs in two sets of letters:

a. Laam (ل) is merged into raa (ر) as in:

اَلَمْ نَخْلُقْكُّمْ

b. Qaaf (ق) is merged into kaaf (ك) as in:

وَقُـلْ رَّبِّ

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Tuesday, August 29, 2023