A. WHATS IS QALQALAH?
Linguistically: qalqalah means "movement, shaking or echo." In
tajweed terminology it means "the movement or vibration of the makhraj
with the pronunciation of one of the letters of qalqalah when it is accompanied
by a sukoon." It is caused by a sudden release of the flow of sound after
its having been trapped under pressure in the makhraj, producing an additional
sound which gives emphasis and clarity to the letter.
There are five letters in the Arabic alphabet that apply
to Qalqalah. The Qalqalah letters are as follows:
ق - ط - ب - ج - د
To easily remember these letters, remember the phrase they make up, (قُطْبُ جَدٍّ).
Example:
أَطْعَمَهُمْ - وَخَلَقْنَاكُمْ – تَجْرِي-
الأبْتَرُ
- صَدْرَكَ
To feel the importance of qalqalah, try saying (أطْ) and (أقْ).
You’ll find one of two things happen. Either the back end of your tongue gets
stuck and it’s difficult to loosen it and breathe, or your tongue will
naturally slip and the back of your mouth is open again. It is this “slipping” that Qalqalah is
based on. Disturbing the letter without moving your jaw or mouth. Try it for
the rest of the letters, (أدْ)
and (أجْ)
and (أبْ).
B. TYPES Of QALQALAH
There are three types of qalqalah: qalqalah sughra, qalqalah
wusta, and qalqalah kubra.
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Qalqalah
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1. Qalqalah Sughra (Minor or Weak)
This type of Qalqalah occurs when the letter of qalqalah is in the
middle of a word. Qalqalah is weak if it is within the middle of recitation.
The letters of qalqalah often appear within the center of the word or at the
top having a sukoon. But, as the reciter decides to continue, a weak Qalqalah
occurs because the reciter quickly moves on to the subsequent letter.
Example:
ق : فَأَثَرْنَ بِهِ نَقْعًا - وَخَلَقْنَاكُمْ
أَزْوَاجًا
ط : فَوَسَطْنَ
بِهِ جَمْعًا - الَّذِي أَطْعَمَهُمْ مِنْ جُوعٍ
ب : وَالْعَادِيَاتِ ضَبْحًا - أَبْصَارُهَا
خَاشِعَةٌ
ج : أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ
الْأَرْضَ مِهَادًا - وَأَعْظَمَ أَجْرًا
د : فَالْمُورِيَاتِ قَدْحًا - أَدْنَى مِنْ
ثُلُثَيِ اللَّيْلِ
2. Qalqalah
Wusta (Medium or Strong)
This occurs when the letter of qalqalah is at the end of a word and the letter of qalqalah doesn’t have shaddah and the reciter makes waqf (stopping) on that word. It doesn’t matter if the letter has an original or presented sukoon. These words are read with a great bouncy sound on the qalqalah letters.
Example:
ق : مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ۞ - وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ۞
ط : وَإِخْوَانُ لُوطٍ۞ - وَاللَّهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ مُحِيطٌ۞
ب : فِي تَكْذِيبٍ۞ -
حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ۞
ج : وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ۞ – فَهُمْ فِي
أَمْرٍ مَرِيجٍ۞
د : إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لِرَبِّهِ لَكَنُودٌ۞ – وَلَمْ يُوْلَدْ۞
3. Qalqalah Kubra
(Major or Strongest)
This occurs when the letter of qalqalah is at the end of a
word and the letter of qalqalah has shaddah and the reciter is stopping on that
word.
Example:
قُلْ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالْحَجِّ۞
تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ۞
وَلَا
تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ۞
Note: A reader must practice a lot under the guidance of a teacher in
order to practice it properly.
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