Definition of The Ghunnah
Linguistically: Ghunnah is a sound that resonates within
the nasal cavity. Terminologically: it is a pleasant sound which is composed
of the characteristics of either the Noon or the Meem, and the tongue does not
play any part in its pronunciation. This means that the ghunnah is an
inherent sound in the Meem and Noon includes the tanween, whether the Noon and Meem
have a vowel or not.
Articulation point of the ghunnah: The opening of the nose that
connects with the back of the mouth (the nasal passage). The fact that the ghunnah is emitted from the
nose can be demonstrated by closing off the nostrils, and trying to emit the
sound of the ghunnah. It is impossible.
Ranks of The Ghunnah
There are four levels of the ghunnah:
1. Most Complete (أكمل)
2. Complete (كاملة)
3. Incomplete (ناقصة)
4. Most Incomplete (أنقص)
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| Rank of Ghunnah |
Let's see the explanation of each level!
1. Most Complete Ghunnah (أكمل)
Most complete ghunnah is the longest ghunnah. The Noon sakinah and Meem
sakinah that are recited with idghaam are in this category of length of
ghunnah.
▪ Noon and Meem
Mushaddad
If a noon or a meem has shaddah, then pronounce
a 2 beat ghunnah. This is still applied when stopping on the letter.
Careful not to extend the sound of the letter, but only the ghunnah.
إِنَّا - مَلِكِ
النَّاسِ
ثُمَّ - مُحَمَّدٌ
▪ Idghaam with a
ghunnah
This means when there is a Noon saakinah or tanween followed by one of
Ya’ Noon, Meem, and Waw will be read with ghunnah or nasal sound and lengthen
for 2 harakahs.
مَنْ يَّقُوْلُ - عَذَابٌ
مُّقِيْمٌ
▪ Idghaam mithlayn
When a Meem sakinah and a Meem with tashkeel (Meem vowel) meet, Idghaam
with ghunnah appears.
وَآمَنَهُمْ مِّنْ - وَخَلَقَ
لَكُمْ مَّا
2. Complete (كاملة)
The ghunnah at this level is the complete in its timing, but not as
long as the most complete ghunnah. This category applies to iqlaab, ikhfaa’
haqeeqi, and ikfa’ shafawi.
▪ Iqlaab
Iqlaab refers to the change or turning of noon sakinah (including that
of tanween) into meem. This occurs when the noon is followed by one letter Baa,
whether in one word or two.
Examples:
سَمِيْعًا بَصِيْرًا
- مِنْ بَيْنِ
▪ Ikhfa’ Haqeeqi
Ikhfa means to conceal (hide). If after noon sakinah or tanween there
appears any of the 15 letters:
ت
ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك
make a light nasal sound and lengthen for 2 harakahs.
Examples:
مَنْ ثَقُلَتْ - فَصَبْرٌ
جَمِيْلٌ
▪ Ikhfa’ Shafawi
If the letter Baa should follow meem saakinah, the meem is concealed by
it and ghunnah is retained. The lips should not be completely closed during
ghunnah here to avoid making the meem evident.
Examples:
وَمَاهُمْ
بِـمُـؤْمِنِيْنَ - وَمَنْ يَعْتَصِمْ بِاللهِ
3. Incomplete (ناقصة)
This ghunnah at this level is shorter in timing than the complete ghunnah. The Noon saakinah and Meem saakinah that are recited with ithhar or clearly are in this category of length of ghunnah.
▪ Ithhar Halqi
If after Noon sakinah or tanween there appears any of the six letters
of the throat:
أ
ه ع ح غ خ
then read clearly with no change.
Examples:
عَلِيْمٌ حَكِيْمٌ – مِنْ غَيْرِ
▪ Ithhar Shafawi
When meem saakinah is followed by any letter other than Meem or Baa, it
is pronounced with ithhaar.
Examples:
حَـرَّمْنَـا
- لِيَبْلُوَكُـمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ
4. Most Incomplete (أنقص)
Most incomplete ghunnah is the shortest ghunnah of all. It applies to
the letters Noon dan Meem with vowels.
Examples:
أَحْسَنُ عَمَلًا - وَآمَنُوْا
Note: The difference in timing between these different categories of ghunnah is very minute. Only an experienced reader and listener can tell the difference. A reader must practice a lot under the guidance of a teacher in order to practice it properly.
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