Rules Of Noon Sakinah And Tanween (Ithhaar, Idghaam, Iqlaab And Ikhfaa’)

Noon sakinah means a Noon with a sukoon on it. Tanween means two fatha (fathatayn), two kasra (kasratayn), and two dhamma (dhammatayn).

Noo Sakinah and Tanween

There are four rules of Noon sakinah and tanween: Izhhar, Idghaam, Iqlaab And Ikhfa’.

1. Ith'haar

Izhaar means to pronounce the letters from their makhraj clearly without any changes (without ghunnah). If after Noon sakinah or tanween there appears any of the six letters of the throat (أ ه ع ح غ خ) then read clearly with no change.

For example:

أ : مِنْ أَهْـلِ، رَسُوْلٌ أَمِيْنٌ

ه : مَنْ هَاجَرَ، جُرُفٍ هَارٍ

ع : أَنْـعَمْتَ، حَقًّا عَلـَى

ح : مِنْ حَيْثُ، عَلِيْمًا حَكِيْمًا

غ : فَسَيَنْـغِضُوْنَ، وَرَبٌّ غَفُوْرٌ

خ : وَالْمُنْـخَنِقَةُ، يَوْمَئِذٍ خَاشِعَةٍ

2. Idghaam

Idghaam means to join, to combine, to merge, or to put one thing into another. If after noon sakinah or tanween there appears any of the six letters (ي ر م ل و ن) then Idghaam will take place. In 2 letters (ل) and (ر) Idghaam will be complete. This is known as Idghaam-e-Taam and will be read without ghunnah or nasal sound.

For example:

ل : أَنْ لَّـمْ يَرَهُ، يَوْمَئِذٍ لَّـخَبِيْرٌ

ر : مِنْ رَبِّـهِمْ، غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِيْمٌ

In remaining 4 letters Idghaam will be incomplete. This is known as idghaam-e-Naqis and will be read with ghunnah or nasal sound and lengthen for 2 harakahs or about 1 second.

For example:

ي : مَنْ يَّقُوْلُ، قَوْمٌ يُّؤْمِنُوْنَ

و : مِنْ وَّاقٍ، خَيْرٌ وَّأَبْقَى

ن : مِنْ نِّعْمَةٍ، عَامِلَةٌ نَّاصِبَةٌ

م : مِنْ مَّسَدٍ، عَذَابٌ مُّقِيْمٌ

Note: If the noon sakinah and one of Idghaam letter (Yaa or Waaw) are both in one word, we do not make idghaam. Therefore in these 4 words Izhaar will be made instead of Idghaam. For example:

الدُّنْيَا، بُنْيَانٌ، قِنْوَانٌ، صِنْوَانٌ

3. Iqlaab

1qlaab means to change one thing into another. If after noon sakinah or tanween there appears letter Baa (ب) then noon sakinah or tanween will be changed into meem and lengthen for 2 harakahs or about 1 second with ghunnah.

For example:

ب : الأَنْبِيَآء، مِنْ بَيْنِ، سَمِيْعًا بَصِيْرًا

4. Ikhfaa’

Ikhfaa' means to conceal (hide). If after noon sakinah or tanween there appears any of the 15 letters:

ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك

make a light nasal sound and lengthen for 2 harakahs or about 1 second.

For example:

ت : مُنْتَهُوْنَ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي

ط : فَإِنْ طِبْنَ قَوْمًا طَاغِيْنَ

د : مِنْ دُوْنِ، مَآءٍ دَافِقٍ

ث : مَنْثُوْرًا، مَاءًا ثَجَّاجَا

ج : أَنْجَيْنَاهُ، فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيْلٌ

ز : مُنْزَلًا، يَوْمِئِذٍ زُرْقًا

ذ : مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي، يَتِيْمًا ذَا

س : مِنْ سُوْءِ، قَوْلًا سَدِيْدًا

ش : مَنْشُوْرًا، عَذَابٌ شَدِيْدٌ

ص : أَنْ صَدُّوكُمْ، رِيْحٍ صَرْصَرٍ

ض : مَنْ ضَلَّ، قَوْمًا ضَالِّيْنَ

ظ : يَنْظُرُوْنَ، قَوْمًا ظَلُوْمًا

ف : وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ، عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ

ق : فَأَنْقَذَكُمْ، شَيْءٍ قَدِيْرٌ

ك : أَنْكَالًا، فِيْ يَوْمٍ كَانَ

Note: The difference between ghunnah and ikhfa is that in ghunnah a full sound comes from the nose where as in ikhfa only a light sound comes from the nose.

Wednesday, August 17, 2022